International tax planning has gained a lot of attention from both the perspective
of taxpayers and tax authorities. This lecture deals with the building blocks of international
taxation, such as the concept of permanent establishment and the arm's
length principle, as applied for international tax planning purposes. It focuses on
the boundaries between legitimate tax planning, tax avoidance and tax evasion,
by analyzing relevant case law. Finally, it deals with some tax planning schemes for
multinational enterprises.
This lecture introduces individual and corporate taxation under French domestic
tax laws. Special issues such as the taxation of foreign and domestic entities subject
to special tax regulations are addressed. Furthermore, this lecture covers mergers
and taxation of groups, international taxation, taxation of foreign income to
domestic recipients and taxation of domestic income to foreign recipients, as well
F 09/10: May 14-15, 2010 as procedural issues, reporting and the exchange of information.
The lecture will be a broad-based discussion of U.S. tax issues, both from an
inbound and outbound perspective. The first day will address inbound matters,
including withholding taxes on portfolio income, net income taxation of permanent
establishments, branch taxes, hybrid financings, and related treaty issues. The
second day will concentrate on transfer pricing.
F 09/10:April 30-May 1, 2010 F 10/11:March 11-12, 2011 P 09/11:April 30-May 1, 2010
Tax planning always requires extensive knowledge of a country's tax system. International
tax planning, moreover, also requires some knowledge of the tax systems
of different countries, in order to enable the structuring of tax-efficient international
arrangements. Considering this need, the lecture aims to provide an overview
of the tax systems of the South American countries. The Brazilian case will be taken
as the main example for discussions focused on value added and direct taxation,
as well as tax treaty policy. Opportunities for tax planning on income taxation can
arise from the adequate use of tax treaties between the Latin American and European
countries, especially considering the massive presence of the matching credit
mechanism in those treaties. Knowledge of the existence and the correct application
of such mechanisms can be a valuable tool when deciding on investment and
business structures involving South America.
F 10/11:April 15-16, 2011 P 09/11:April 15-16, 2011
Many of the names of Japanese companies are all too familiar. The business and tax
environment in Japan, however, remains a mystery to many people living outside
Japan. To bridge the gap, this course introduces the basic structure of Japanese
income taxation, and examines some of the recent tax controversies involving
international transactions.
This course reviews the basic policy and doctrinal principles relevant to the income
tax treatment of financial instruments in a cross-border context. The course begins
with a discussion of the general tax policy principles and financial market theories
relevant to the income tax treatment of financial instruments. Students are
introduced to the basic analytical concepts that are common to all financial instruments,
including debt, equity and derivatives. After reviewing this introductory
material, the course focuses on the income tax issues raised by the cross-border
use of financial instruments. Topics covered include: (i) avoidance of non-resident
withholding tax; (ii) thin capitalization; (iii) international tax arbitrage transactions;
and (iv) application of tax treaties to derivative financial instruments.
Tax planning in international companies is an integral part of business planning
and depends in its scope and priorities on the business models employed, the
global footprint structure, etc. as well as the tax management and risk approach;
it is also influenced by the company's legal structure and headquarters/holding
domicile. This lecture aims at addressing general aspects of tax planning in international
companies, using case studies dealing with intra-group services (in the
area of management, group functions and IT/IS), intra-group financing issues, the
organization and funding of research & development activities and the tax aspects
of trademarks (marketing intangibles). Transfer pricing documentation is a contentious
issue in practice and is thus discussed in some depth. Local tax laws, and EU
tax law as well as tax treaty law, have to be considered in the tax planning activities
of companies.
F 10/11:April 29-30, 2011 P 09/11:April 29-30, 2011
The use of holding companies has been gaining importance in international tax
planning. Additional or reduced tax burdens can result from mezzanine holding
structures, which also results in specific corporation tax difficulties. This lecture
aims at describing the decisive structural and location factors. The management
of intra-group income transfers, repatriation and allocation strategies, as well as
viable combinations are considered as options. Vital holding locations are described
in more detail. Tax treaties are relevant for the use of holding companies, as
they may not be eligible for advantages arising from such treaties
F 09/10:May 28-29, 2008 F 10/11:April 1-2, 2009 P 09/11:April 1-2, 2009
Qualification conflicts arise when two countries assess an international case in different
ways. Here, it is first necessary to clarify how the double taxation convention
deals with qualification conflicts. However, the lecture should focus on how
qualification conflicts may thus be used to generate tax advantages within the
framework of international tax planning. First of all, the basic procedure for the
handling of qualification conflicts is developed. Subsequently, the considerations
F 09/10: June 11, 2010 are applied to practical cases.
Since the 1960s, the contribution of general consumption taxes to the tax revenues
of the OECD Member States has grown from about 12% to 18%. With the exception
of the USA, all OECD Member States (and many non-OECD countries) apply a value
added tax-type consumption tax, levied throughout the production and distribution
chain of goods and services. Cross-border transactions of goods and services (within
multinational concerns or between independent parties) have increased as a result
of growing mobility and globalization. Although the final consumer should bear the
burden of VAT, business and industry are both taxable persons and tax collectors.
Deficiencies in national consumption taxes systems have become major obstacles for
enterprises engaged in international business and may lead to double or non-taxation.
The lecture focuses on providing the necessary understanding of international
aspects of consumption taxation in general and the VAT system in particular. VAT
planning possibilities and new developments in EU VAT policy will be discussed.
Globalization has largely increased the number of international mergers and acquisitions.
This lecture aims at providing a comprehensive analysis of the tax aspects of
such transactions both from the perspective of the seller and the purchaser. Topics
to be addressed include the structuring of M&A transactions, financing aspects,
continuing utilization of loss carry-forwards and indirect tax costs.
Tax treaties are very important tools in international tax planning. Parallel to the
increase of cross-border transactions, more and more questions about the interpretation
of specific tax treaty provisions are raised. When attending this lecture,
students will already have dealt with principles of tax treaty law and with a lot of
other issues of international tax law. With that knowledge in mind, they will deal
with even more sophisticated issues of international tax law that play an important
role in international tax planning.
F 09/10:June 18-19, 2010 F 10/11:May 20-21, 2011 P 09/11:June 18-19, 2010
(c) LL.M. Program in International Tax Law of the
Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU)
c/o Academy of Public Accountants,
A 1121 Vienna, Schönbrunner Strasse 222-228/1/6/3